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Amputation of a limb and beginning to use a prosthetic (artificial) limb presents major physical, psychological and social challenges. Rehabilitation following limb loss involves a multidisciplinary team of health professionals and the challenges involved encompass regaining functional abilities and reintegration to work, family and social contexts and relationships. Qualitative research has played an important role in developing an appreciation of these processes and in recommending how health professionals can improve service provision. Although a range of qualitative approaches have been used in relation to limb loss and prosthesis use, ethnography has a unique methodological contribution to make in furthering an understanding of such issues and informing service provision. While ethnography may take different forms, it usually involves collecting data in natural settings (or, the field) using a combination of data collection strategies, such as observation and interviews, and embedding and interpreting results in the local and wider socio-political and cultural systems in which participants live and the research takes place. In this chapter, I review exemplar ethnographic studies of limb loss to highlight the value that such work offers for understanding rehabilitation, and how it can be improved, following amputation. This includes a study of limb loss following war, a military rehabilitation programme for wounded soldiers, and a civilian rehabilitation ward. The meanings and experience of limb loss and artificial limb use in particular social, cultural and rehabilitative contexts are therefore highlighted, as is the importance of gender, ethnicity, religion, economics and societal beliefs.

Craig Murray, Britain's former ambassador to Uzbekistan, has been portrayed in the media as a colourful and dotty rogue with a penchant for bars, girls, Range-Rovers and outrageous breaches of diplomatic protocol. In August 2003, he was confronted with a series of disciplinary charges by the Foreign Office, which he was not permitted to discuss with anyone, and instructed to resign. He refused and denied any allegations of wrongdoing. The allegations were reportedly dropped within weeks but not before Murray had had a breakdown and a pulmonary embolism that nearly killed him. He was finally removed from his post in October 2004. As an exercise in psychotherapy, he is now writing an autobiography so frank, he says, that it is unlikely ever to see the light of day: 'mostly about sex and drinking'. Yet friends and supporters insist that he had his personal and professional life shredded for consistent, courageous criticism of US support for Uzbekistan's ruthless and repressive regime, for highlighting its use of torture and bringing attention to the plight of its political and religious dissidents. IM

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities face attitudinal and service barriers when attempting to form intimate relationships. To date, their experiences and views are under‐represented in the existing evidence base.MethodThe aim of this study was to carry out an interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring the experience of intimate relationships for nine adults with intellectual disabilities.ResultsFour main themes were identified: desiring relationships; expressing sexuality; having relationships; and who has control? Together these themes demonstrated that intimate relationships were desired and important to all participants, fulfilling a variety of their needs. In addition, participants faced a number of challenges related to intimate relationships.ConclusionThe findings raise questions about how best to support people with intellectual disabilities with sexuality and intimate relationships. Implications for caregivers and services are discussed.

A B S T R A C T ■ The 2003 Iraq War was highly controversial in the UK, generating domestic opposition and a widely supported anti-war movement, the Stop the War Coalition. This article assesses the extent to which anti-war protesters were successful at securing positive coverage in the British press immediately before and during the invasion of Iraq. The study shows that, although anti-war protesters received more favourable than unfavourable coverage prior to the war, once the war got under way, a `support our boys' consensus led to the narrowing of what Daniel Hallin has termed the `sphere of legitimate controversy' with the anti-war movement relegated to a `sphere of deviance'. The article also demonstrates that elite-led protest was more successful at influencing newspaper debate than grassroots protest. Overall, the results highlight the problems protest movements have in securing positive media representation during war. ■

Der Irakkrieg von 2003 war in Großbritannien höchst umstritten und bewirkte das Entstehen einer einheimischen Opposition und einer von weiten Teilen der Bevölkerung unterstützten Anti-Kriegsbewegung, der Stop the War Coalition?. Der Beitrag untersucht, in welchem Maße die Antikriegs-Proteste erfolgreich darin waren, eine positive Berichterstattung unmittelbar vor und während der Invasion des Irak zu bewirken. Die Studie zeigt, dass, obwohl über die Antikriegs-Proteste vor dem Krieg eher positiv als negativ berichtet wurde, als der Krieg tatsächlich ausbrach, ein Konsens zur Unterstützung unserer Jungs? zu einer Verengung der von Daniel Hallin so bezeichneten Sphäre der legitimen Kontroverse? führte, die die Anti-Kriegsbewegung in eine Sphäre der Abweichung? abdrängte. Der Beitrag zeigt auch, dass ein von der Elite angeführter Protest erfolgreicher darin war, Einfluss auf die Debatte in den Zeitungen zu nehmen, als Protest von der Basis. Insgesamt unterstreichen die Ergebnisse der Studie die Probleme, die Protestbewegungen in Kriegszeiten haben, wenn es um eine positive Darstellung in den Medien geht. (UNübers.) (UN)

Abstract People's ability to critically assess cancer-related information is essential from a preventional and therapeutic, as well as a general democratic perspective. Such cancer literacy is not just about acquiring factual knowledge. It also involves the ability to analyze how the information is contextualized—how cancer is framed. Previous research concerning the framing of cancer in public discourse is voluminous and penetrating but also fragmented and inaccessible to non-experts. In this study, we have developed an integrated and applicable tool for analyzing cancer discourse by systematically classifying distinctive ways of framing of the concept of cancer. Building on previous research and an inductive framing analysis of a broad range of public cancer discourse, systematically selected from British and Norwegian newspapers, we have characterized nine cancer frames: the biomedical, the environmental, the epidemiological, the personal, the sociopolitical, the economic, the antagonistic, the alternative, and the symbolic frame. This framing scheme may be applied to analyze cancer-related discourse across a plurality of themes and contexts. We also show how different frames combine to produce more complex messages, thereby revealing underlying patterns, strategies, and conflicts in cancer communication. In conclusion, this analytical tool enables critical reading of cancer-related information and may be especially useful in educational initiatives to advance health communication and public understanding of cancer.

Discusses factors which made Israel's attack on the ship, Freedom Flotilla, illegal. Adapted from the source document.